Debate: Levels of Non-ideality

Analysis of thermodynamic non-ideality in terms of protein solvation.

The effects of thermodynamic non-ideality on the forms of sedimentation equilibrium distributions for several isoelectric proteins have been analysed on the statistical-mechanical basis of excluded volume to obtain an estimate of the extent of protein solvation. Values of the effective solvation parameter delta are reported for ellipsoidal as well as spherical models of the proteins, taken to b...

Non-ideality in multicomponent diffusion of polyelectrolyte solutions

COVOL: an answer to your thermodynamic non-ideality problems?

Introduction Thermodynamic non-ideality can lead to serious problems in terms of the analysis of macromolecular behaviour in solution, particularly in molar mass and mass action measurements based on the principles of thermodynamic equilibrium. The term ‘molar mass’ (in g/mol) favoured by the physical chemist is of course equivalent to the molecular mass in daltons, and by ‘mass action’ we mean...

The problem of laser-pulse non-ideality in non-linear laser-based diagnostics

Non-ideality of laser pulses is due to uneven spatial, temporal and spectral distributions of laser beams. Unfortunately, such deviations from hypothetical regular laser profiles are crucial for the correct data interpretation of measurements obtained in some diagnostic applications of non-linear spectroscopy. In this Lecture, methods to circumvent wrong interpretation of spectroscopic data wil...

Non- Ideality and Ion-Pairing in Saturated Aqueous Solution of Lithium Carbonate at 25°C

Using Solvent Evaporating and Atomic Emission Spectrophotometric methods, the solubility of Li2CO3 in waterat 25°C was determined. Comparing the value of thermodynamic solubility product constant, Ksp(th),(Ksp(tn) = exp(—AG.ss/RT)) of the mentioned salt to the value which is obtained from the observed solubility,shnolL-1 , and activity coefficients, f+ and f, which are estimated upon the extend...